50 Most Important MCQs For UP PGT Physics 2026: Based On Previous Year Questions (PYQs)|Common High-Weightage Questions!

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Are you preparing for UP PGT Physics 2026? The Uttar Pradesh Secondary Education Service Selection Board (UPSESSB) PGT exam is highly competitive, with 125 MCQs in 2 hours and no negative marking. From past trends, questions heavily repeat from core topics like Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Optics, Electricity & Magnetism, and Modern Physics.

This curated list of 50 must-do MCQs draws from previous year questions (PYQs) and high-frequency concepts. Many appear repeatedly in UP PGT, KVS, DSSSB, and similar exams. Practice these to boost your score!

Here are the 50 most important MCQs for PGT Physics based on Previous Year Questions (PYQs) and the provided sources. These cover Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Optics, Electricity & Magnetism, and Modern Physics.

50 Most Important MCQs for UP PGT Physics

I. Mechanics (Units, Vectors & Motion) | यांत्रिकी

1. The dimensions of $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0 \epsilon_0}}$ are:

(a) $L T^{-1}$
(b) $L^{-1} T$
(c) $L^2 T^{-2}$
(d) $L T^{-2}$

Ans: (a)

Solution: The expression represents the speed of light $c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0 \epsilon_0}}$ , so dimensions are $[LT^{-1}]$ .

2. The unit of Poynting vector is:

(a) Watt
(b) Watt/meter²
(c) Watt-meter
(d) Newton-meter

Ans: (b)

Solution: Poynting vector $\vec{S} = \vec{E} \times \vec{H}$ represents power per unit area.

3. Three vectors $\vec{A}, \vec{B}, \vec{C}$ are coplanar if:

(a) $\vec{A} \cdot (\vec{B} \times \vec{C}) = 0$
(b) $\vec{A} \times (\vec{B} \times \vec{C}) = 0$
(c) $\vec{A} \cdot \vec{B} = \vec{C}$
(d) None of these

Ans: (a)

Solution: The scalar triple product represents the volume of a parallelepiped. If it is zero, the vectors lie in the same plane [5].

4. If $|\vec{A} \times \vec{B}| = \vec{A} \cdot \vec{B}$ , then the angle between $\vec{A}$ and $\vec{B}$ is:

(a) $0^\circ$
(b) $45^\circ$
(c) $90^\circ$
(d) $180^\circ$

Ans: (b)

Solution: $AB \sin\theta = AB \cos\theta \Rightarrow \tan\theta = 1 \Rightarrow \theta = 45^\circ$ .

5. A projectile has a maximum range of 16 km. At the highest point, it explodes into two equal masses. One mass drops vertically. The horizontal distance covered by the other mass is:

(a) 8 km
(b) 16 km
(c) 24 km
(d) 32 km

Ans: (c)

Solution: The center of mass continues on the original trajectory. Since one part falls at $R/2$ (8 km), the other must land at a distance such that the COM remains at $R$ (16 km). $x_{com} = \frac{m_1 x_1 + m_2 x_2}{m_1+m_2} \Rightarrow 16 = \frac{1(8) + 1(x_2)}{2} \Rightarrow x_2 = 24$ km.

6. The ratio of the moment of inertia of a solid sphere about its diameter to that about its tangent is:

(a) 2/5
(b) 2/7
(c) 5/2
(d) 7/5

Ans: (b)

Solution: $I_{dia} = \frac{2}{5}MR^2$ . By parallel axis theorem, $I_{tan} = \frac{2}{5}MR^2 + MR^2 = \frac{7}{5}MR^2$ . Ratio = 2/7.

7. Kepler’s second law (Areal velocity is constant) is a consequence of the law of conservation of:

(a) Energy
(b) Linear Momentum
(c) Angular Momentum
(d) Mass

Ans: (c)

Solution: In a central force field (gravity), torque is zero, so angular momentum is conserved.

8. The escape velocity ( $v_e$ ) and orbital velocity ( $v_o$ ) near the earth’s surface are related as:

(a) $v_e = v_o$
(b) $v_e = \sqrt{2} v_o$
(c) $v_e = 2 v_o$
(d) $v_e = v_o / \sqrt{2}$

Ans: (b)

Solution: $v_e = \sqrt{2gR}$ and $v_o = \sqrt{gR}$ .

II. Heat & Thermodynamics | ऊष्मा और ऊष्मप्रवैगिकी

9. The first law of thermodynamics for an adiabatic process is:

(a) $dU = dW$
(b) $dU = -dW$
(c) $dQ = dW$
(d) $dU = dQ$

Ans: (b)

Solution: In an adiabatic process, $dQ = 0$ . So, $0 = dU + dW \Rightarrow dU = -dW$ .

10. The efficiency of a Carnot engine working between $27^\circ$ C and $327^\circ$ C is:

(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 75%
(d) 100%

Ans: (b)

Solution: $T_1 = 327+273 = 600K$ , $T_2 = 27+273 = 300K$ . $\eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \frac{300}{600} = 0.5$ or 50%.

11. Which quantity remains constant in the Joule-Thomson expansion?

(a) Internal Energy
(b) Entropy
(c) Enthalpy
(d) Temperature

Ans: (c)

Solution: Joule-Thomson expansion is an isenthalpic process.

12. According to Stefan’s Law, the energy radiated by a black body is proportional to:

(a) $T$
(b) $T^2$
(c) $T^3$
(d) $T^4$

Ans: (d)

Solution: $E = \sigma T^4$ .

13. In a reversible process, the change in entropy ( $\Delta S$ ) is:

(a) Maximum
(b) Minimum
(c) Zero
(d) Constant

Ans: (c) (for a complete cycle)

Solution: For a reversible cycle, total entropy change of the universe is zero. For a process, $dS = dQ/T$ .

14. Mayer’s formula for the relation between $C_p$ and $C_v$ of an ideal gas is:

(a) $C_p + C_v = R$
(b) $C_p - C_v = R$
(c) $C_p / C_v = R$
(d) $C_p . C_v = R$

Ans: (b)

Solution: $C_p - C_v = R$ .

15. Clausius-Clapeyron equation is given by:

(a) $\frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{L}{T(V_2 - V_1)}$
(b) $\frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{T(V_2 - V_1)}{L}$
(c) $\frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{L}{V_2 - V_1}$
(d) None of these

Ans: (a)

Solution: This equation describes the slope of the phase boundary.

III. Waves & Oscillations | तरंग और दोलन

16. The total energy of a particle executing Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is proportional to:

(a) Amplitude
(b) (Amplitude) $^2$
(c) Frequency
(d) Velocity

Ans: (b)

Solution: $E = \frac{1}{2}m\omega^2 A^2$ . Energy $\propto A^2$ .

17. Two rectangular SHMs with unequal frequencies form a pattern called:

(a) Circle
(b) Ellipse
(c) Parabola
(d) Lissajous figure

Ans: (d)

Solution: Superposition of perpendicular SHMs with different frequencies results in Lissajous figures.

18. A car mAoving at 30 m/s approaches a factory whistle of frequency 500 Hz. Speed of sound is 340 m/s. The apparent frequency is:

(a) 480 Hz
(b) 500 Hz
(c) 544 Hz
(d) 600 Hz

Ans: (c)

Solution: $f' = f \left(\frac{v + v_o}{v}\right) = 500 \left(\frac{340 + 30}{340}\right) = 500 \times \frac{370}{340} \approx 544$ Hz.

19. Which of the following cannot travel through a vacuum?

(a) Light waves
(b) Heat waves
(c) Sound waves
(d) X-rays

Ans: (c)

Solution: Sound waves require a material medium for propagation.

IV. Optics | प्रकाशिकी

20. The resolving power of a telescope is given by:

(a) $1.22 \lambda / d$
(b) $d / 1.22 \lambda$
(c) $\lambda / d$
(d) $d / \lambda$

Ans: (b)

Solution: Resolving Power $= D / 1.22\lambda$ , where D is aperture diameter.

21. For an achromatic combination of two thin lenses in contact:

(a) $\omega_1 f_1 + \omega_2 f_2 = 0$
(b) $\frac{\omega_1}{f_1} + \frac{\omega_2}{f_2} = 0$
(c) $\omega_1 f_2 + \omega_2 f_1 = 0$
(d) $\frac{f_1}{\omega_1} + \frac{f_2}{\omega_2} = 0$

Ans: (b)

Solution: The condition for achromatism is $\frac{\omega_1}{f_1} + \frac{\omega_2}{f_2} = 0$ .

22. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, the speed of light in glass is:

(a) $2 \times 10^8$ m/s
(b) $3 \times 10^8$ m/s
(c) $1.5 \times 10^8$ m/s
(d) $4.5 \times 10^8$ m/s

Ans: (a)

Solution: $v = c / \mu = (3 \times 10^8) / 1.5 = 2 \times 10^8$ m/s.

23. Light is incident at the polarizing angle $i_p$ on a glass plate. The angle between the reflected and refracted rays is:

(a) $0^\circ$
(b) $45^\circ$
(c) $90^\circ$
(d) $180^\circ$

Ans: (c)

Solution: According to Brewster’s law, reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular ( $90^\circ$ ).

24. In Young’s double-slit experiment, if the separation between slits is halved, the fringe width will:

(a) Double
(b) Halve
(c) Remain same
(d) Become four times

Ans: (a)

Solution: Fringe width $\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}$ . If $d$ is halved ( $d/2$ ), $\beta$ becomes $2\beta$ .

25. Which phenomenon confirms the transverse nature of light?

(a) Reflection
(b) Interference
(c) Diffraction
(d) Polarization

Ans: (d)

Solution: Polarization is a property unique to transverse waves.

V. Electricity & Magnetism | विद्युत और चुंबकत्व

26. The electric flux through a closed surface enclosing a charge $q$ is:

(a) $q \epsilon_0$
(b) $q / \epsilon_0$
(c) $q / 2\epsilon_0$
(d) Zero

Ans: (b)

Solution: Gauss’s Law states $\phi = q / \epsilon_0$ .

27. The potential at a point due to an electric dipole varies with distance $r$ as:

(a) $1/r$
(b) $1/r^2$
(c) $1/r^3$
(d) $r$

Ans: (b)

Solution: Electric potential $V \propto \frac{1}{r^2}$ for a dipole.

28. Kirchhoff’s first law ( $\Sigma I = 0$ ) is based on the conservation of:

(a) Energy
(b) Charge
(c) Momentum
(d) Mass

Ans: (b)

Solution: Kirchhoff’s junction law (KCL) is based on conservation of charge.

29. The magnetic field inside a long current-carrying solenoid is:

(a) Zero
(b) $\mu_0 n I$
(c) $\mu_0 n I / 2$
(d) $\mu_0 I / n$

Ans: (b)

Solution: $B = \mu_0 n I$ inside a long solenoid.

30. Lorentz force is given by:

(a) $F = qE$
(b) $F = q(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})$
(c) $F = q(\vec{E} + \vec{v} \times \vec{B})$
(d) $F = m\vec{a}$

Ans: (c)

Solution: Lorentz force includes both electric and magnetic forces.

31. The resonance frequency of an L-C-R circuit is:

(a) $1 / \sqrt{LC}$
(b) $1 / 2\pi\sqrt{LC}$
(c) $\sqrt{LC}$
(d) $2\pi\sqrt{LC}$

Ans: (b)

Solution: Resonance occurs when $X_L = X_C$ , giving $f = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}}$ .

32. The unit of magnetic flux is:

(a) Tesla
(b) Weber
(c) Gauss
(d) Henry

Ans: (b)

Solution: Magnetic flux unit is Weber. Tesla is for magnetic field.

33. Ampere’s circuital law is expressed as:

(a) $\oint \vec{B} \cdot \vec{dl} = \mu_0 I$
(b) $\oint \vec{E} \cdot \vec{dl} = 0$
(c) $\oint \vec{B} \cdot \vec{ds} = 0$
(d) $\nabla \times \vec{B} = 0$

Ans: (a)

Solution: Line integral of B is $\mu_0$ times the current enclosed.

34. Two parallel wires carrying current in the same direction will:

(a) Repel each other
(b) Attract each other
(c) No force
(d) Rotate

Ans: (b)

Solution: Currents in the same direction attract; opposite directions repel.

35. A transformer works on the principle of:

(a) Self Induction
(b) Mutual Induction
(c) Eddy Currents
(d) Lorentz Force

Ans: (b)

Solution: Transformers operate via mutual induction between primary and secondary coils.

36. Displacement current arises due to:

(a) Static magnetic field
(b) Time-varying electric field
(c) Steady electric current
(d) Moving charges

Ans: (b)

Solution: Maxwell introduced displacement current $I_d = \epsilon_0 \frac{d\phi_E}{dt}$ due to changing electric fields.

37. At the Curie temperature, a ferromagnetic substance becomes:

(a) Diamagnetic
(b) Paramagnetic
(c) Non-magnetic
(d) Superconductor

Ans: (b)

Solution: Above Curie temperature, ferromagnetic materials lose their permanent magnetism and become paramagnetic.

VI. Modern Physics | आधुनिक भौतिकी

38. The de-Broglie wavelength ( $\lambda$ ) of a particle of momentum $p$ is:

(a) $h/p$
(b) $p/h$
(c) $hp$
(d) $h/p^2$

Ans: (a)

Solution: $\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{mv}$ .

39. The energy of a photon is given by:

(a) $hv$
(b) $mc^2$
(c) $h/\lambda$
(d) $1/2 mv^2$

Ans: (a)

Solution: $E = h\nu$ or $E = hc/\lambda$ .

40. According to Bohr’s model, angular momentum of an electron is quantized as:

(a) $nh/2\pi$
(b) $nh/\pi$
(c) $n\pi/h$
(d) $2\pi/nh$

Ans: (a)

Solution: $mvr = \frac{nh}{2\pi}$ .

41. Which series of the hydrogen spectrum lies in the visible region?

(a) Lyman
(b) Balmer
(c) Paschen
(d) Brackett

Ans: (b)

Solution: The Balmer series corresponds to transitions to $n=2$ and lies in the visible region.

42. 1 atomic mass unit (amu) is equivalent to approximately:

(a) 931 eV
(b) 931 MeV
(c) 931 J
(d) 9.31 MeV

Ans: (b)

Solution: Mass-energy equivalence of 1 amu $\approx$ 931 MeV.

43. Which logic gate produces a ‘High’ output only when both inputs are ‘High’?

(a) OR
(b) AND
(c) NOT
(d) NAND

Ans: (b)

Solution: AND gate logic is $Y = A \cdot B$ .

44. In a P-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are:

(a) Electrons
(b) Holes
(c) Neutrons
(d) Protons

Ans: (b)

Solution: Trivalent doping creates excess holes.

45. The half-life ( $T_{1/2}$ ) is related to the decay constant ( $\lambda$ ) by:

(a) $T_{1/2} = 0.693 \lambda$
(b) $T_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{\lambda}$
(c) $T_{1/2} = \frac{\lambda}{0.693}$
(d) $T_{1/2} = \lambda^2$

Ans: (b)

Solution: $T_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda} \approx \frac{0.693}{\lambda}$ .

46. Which experiment proved the particle nature of light?

(a) Interference
(b) Diffraction
(c) Photoelectric effect
(d) Polarization

Ans: (c)

Solution: The photoelectric effect cannot be explained by wave theory and requires the photon (particle) concept.

47. The volume of a nucleus is directly proportional to:

(a) Mass number $A$
(b) $A^{1/3}$
(c) $A^2$
(d) $Z$

Ans: (a)

Solution: $R \propto A^{1/3} \Rightarrow V \propto R^3 \propto (A^{1/3})^3 \propto A$ .

48. Zener diode is primarily used as:

(a) Amplifier
(b) Rectifier
(c) Voltage Regulator
(d) Oscillator

Ans: (c)

Solution: Zener diodes operate in the breakdown region to maintain constant voltage.

49. For a transistor, the relation between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ is:

(a) $\beta = \frac{\alpha}{1 - \alpha}$
(b) $\beta = \frac{1 - \alpha}{\alpha}$
(c) $\alpha = \frac{\beta}{1 - \beta}$
(d) $\alpha \beta = 1$

Ans: (a)
Solution: $\beta$ (current gain in CE) and $\alpha$ (current gain in CB) are related by $\beta = \frac{\alpha}{1-\alpha}$ .

50. Laser action is based on:

(a) Spontaneous emission
(b) Stimulated emission
(c) Absorption
(d) Reflection

Ans: (b)

Solution: LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

50 Most Important MCQs for UP PGT Physics 2026: Based on Previous Year Questions (PYQs)|Common High-Weightage Questions!

50 Most Important MCQs for UP PGT Physics

I. Mechanics (Units, Vectors & Motion) | यांत्रिकी