Most Important Descriptive Questions for KVS NVS PGT Physics Tier-II

Top 50 Most Important Descriptive Questions for KVS NVS PGT Physics Tier-II 2026 with Answer Writing Practice | Must Practice Set

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Prepare for KVS NVS PGT Physics Tier-II 2026 with Top 50 Most Important Descriptive Questions covering full NCERT Class 11 + Class 12 syllabus. Bilingual questions (English + Hindi), step-by-step answer writing tips, labelled diagram guidance, high-weightage derivations, and previous year ZIET pattern. Perfect for answer writing practice.

Introduction: Why Tier-II Physics is the Real Game-Changer

If you are preparing for KVS NVS PGT Physics Tier-II 2026, you already know that clearing Tier-I is only half the battle. The real selection happens in Tier-II — and the descriptive section is where toppers separate themselves from the crowd. With the exam officially scheduled on 29 March 2026, every single day of focused preparation counts. Understanding the KVS PGT Physics Tier-II 2026 descriptive questions pattern is not optional; it is the single most decisive factor in your final merit rank.

Let us break down the official KVS PGT Tier-II exam pattern clearly, as shown in the official notification:

CategoryQuestionsMarksExam Duration
Objective Section60602.5 Hours
Descriptive Section1040—
Overall Total701002.5 Hours

The paper has 70 total questions worth 100 marks, to be completed in 2.5 hours. The Objective Section has 60 questions carrying 60 marks, while the critical Descriptive Section has 10 long-answer questions worth 40 marks. There is negative marking of 0.25 for each wrong answer in the objective section.

Here is the insight most aspirants miss: 40 out of 100 marks come from just 10 descriptive questions. That means each answer is worth 4 marks on average — and a well-drafted response with a correct derivation, a neat labelled diagram, proper SI units, and a classroom-level application can fetch you full marks. A rushed or incomplete answer can cost you 2–3 marks per question, which over 10 questions becomes a rank-deciding gap.

This article presents 50 most important descriptive questions for KVS NVS PGT Physics Tier-II curated from official KVS ZIET test papers, previous Tier-II patterns, and high-frequency NCERT Class 11 and Class 12 derivations. These questions cover the complete syllabus — from Mechanical Properties of Fluids and Thermodynamics to Modern Physics and Semiconductors — ensuring zero blind spots.

The NVS PGT Physics important long answer questions in this set follow the exact format expected in the examination: multi-step derivations, diagram-based explanations, numerical examples, and teaching applications. With 29 March 2026 as the target date, practise every single one of these and you will walk into the Tier-II hall with unshakeable confidence.

Why Answer Writing Practice is Crucial for KVS NVS PGT Physics Tier-II

Many aspirants spend months solving MCQs but never practise writing a single descriptive answer. This is a critical mistake. The KVS ZIET Tier 2 Physics answer writing practice section tests a completely different skill set — the ability to communicate Physics in a structured, pedagogically sound manner.

Objective vs Descriptive: The Key Difference

In an objective paper, you identify the correct option. In a descriptive paper, you construct the answer. The examiner looks for logical flow, scientific accuracy, and completeness — skills that only dedicated writing practice can build.

How to Write a Perfect 4-Mark Answer in 12–15 Minutes

Follow this proven five-step framework for every KVS NVS PGT Physics Class 11 derivations or Class 12 answer:

  1. Introduction (1–2 lines): State the law, principle, or phenomenon. Define key terms with bold keywords.
  2. Derivation Steps (numbered): Write each mathematical step on a new line. Show all intermediate steps — never skip directly to the result.
  3. Labelled Diagram: Draw a clean diagram with at least 3–4 labels. This alone can fetch 1 mark.
  4. Result + SI Unit + Dimension: State the final formula, mention the SI unit of each quantity, and write the dimensional formula.
  5. Conclusion + Application + 1 Numerical Example: Add a one-line classroom application and a quick numerical to validate the formula.

Additional Pro Tips:

  • Always underline the final result in your answer.
  • Mention the scientist’s name where applicable (Bernoulli, Stokes, Gauss, Faraday).
  • For a teaching post, adding “This concept is taught in Class 11/12 to explain [phenomenon]…” earns bonus appreciation from the examiner.

How to Use This Top 50 Set Effectively

This Tier-II Physics descriptive set 2026 is designed for systematic, high-impact revision. With 29 March 2026 as your exam date, here is your optimal preparation roadmap:

Week-by-Week Strategy:

  • Week 1–2: Solve Class 11 questions (Q1–Q25). Write full answers by hand. Compare with NCERT derivation steps.
  • Week 3–4: Solve Class 12 questions (Q26–Q50). Focus on diagrams for Optics, EMI, and Semiconductor topics.
  • Final Week (before 29 March 2026): Full mock test simulation — attempt 10 random questions in 40 minutes. Self-evaluate on the 5-step framework above.

Time Management During Exam:

  • Allocate 4 minutes per mark in the descriptive section.
  • For a 4-mark question: 16 minutes maximum. For a 5-mark question: 20 minutes.
  • Always attempt the questions you are most confident about first.

Handwritten Practice Tip: Write answers on A4 sheets, draw diagrams with pencil and scale, and photograph them. Share your handwritten answers in the comments section on tothescience.com for community feedback.

Unit-wise Top 50 Most Important Descriptive Questions

CLASS 11 PHYSICS (Questions 1–25)

Mechanical Properties of Fluids — Surface Tension

Q1. (5 Marks) Derive an expression for the excess pressure inside a liquid drop and a soap bubble. Why is the excess pressure inside a soap bubble twice that inside a liquid drop?

प्रश्न 1. द्रव बूँद और साबुन के बुलबुले के अंदर अतिरिक्त दाब के लिए व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। साबुन के बुलबुले में अतिरिक्त दाब द्रव बूँद से दोगुना क्यों होता है? (Derive \Delta P = \frac{2T}{r} for drop, \Delta P = \frac{4T}{r} for soap bubble + Diagram + Reason for difference)

Q2. (4 Marks) Explain the phenomenon of capillary rise and derive the formula

    \[h = \frac{2T \cos \theta}{r \rho g}\]

Describe one application in daily life.

प्रश्न 2. केशिका उत्थान की घटना समझाइए और सूत्र h = \frac{2T \cos \theta}{r \rho g} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। दैनिक जीवन में एक अनुप्रयोग बताइए। (Derivation + Labelled capillary diagram + SI unit of T + Daily life application)

Q3. (4 Marks) What is surface energy? Establish the relation between surface tension and surface energy. Calculate the work done W = 8\pi r^2 T in blowing a soap bubble of radius r.

प्रश्न 3. पृष्ठ ऊर्जा क्या है? पृष्ठ तनाव और पृष्ठ ऊर्जा में संबंध स्थापित कीजिए। त्रिज्या r के साबुन के बुलबुले को फुलाने में किया गया कार्य W = 8\pi r^2 T ज्ञात कीजिए। (Relation derivation + Work done calculation + Diagram)

Bernoulli’s Theorem & Equation of Continuity

Q4. (5 Marks) State and derive Bernoulli’s theorem for streamline flow of an ideal liquid using the work-energy theorem. Name two real-life applications based on it.

प्रश्न 4. आदर्श द्रव के धारारेखी प्रवाह के लिए कार्य-ऊर्जा प्रमेय का उपयोग कर बर्नूली प्रमेय का कथन और व्युत्पत्ति कीजिए। दो अनुप्रयोग बताइए। (P + \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{const} + Energy method derivation + Venturimeter diagram)

Q5. (4 Marks) Define coefficient of viscosity. Derive Stokes’ law F = 6\pi \eta r v using dimensional analysis. Derive terminal velocity v_t = \frac{2r^2(\rho - \sigma)g}{9\eta}.

प्रश्न 5. श्यानता गुणांक परिभाषित कीजिए। विमीय विश्लेषण द्वारा स्टोक्स नियम F = 6\pi \eta r v व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। सीमान्त वेग v_t = \frac{2r^2(\rho - \sigma)g}{9\eta} ज्ञात कीजिए। (Dimensional derivation + Terminal velocity formula + Diagram)

Q6. (4 Marks) Explain the equation of continuity A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2 and derive it from conservation of mass. Apply it along with Bernoulli’s theorem to derive the flow rate in a Venturimeter.

प्रश्न 6. द्रव्यमान संरक्षण से सांतत्य समीकरण A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2 व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। इसे बर्नूली प्रमेय के साथ मिलाकर वेंचुरीमीटर में प्रवाह दर ज्ञात कीजिए। (Mass conservation derivation + Venturimeter flow rate + Labelled diagram)

Elasticity

Q7. (4 Marks) Define Young’s Modulus, Bulk Modulus, and Modulus of Rigidity with formulae. Draw and explain the stress-strain curve for a ductile material, labelling all critical points.

प्रश्न 7. सूत्र सहित यंग मापांक, आयतन प्रत्यास्थता गुणांक और दृढ़ता गुणांक परिभाषित कीजिए। तन्य पदार्थ के लिए सभी क्रांतिक बिंदुओं सहित प्रतिबल-विकृति वक्र खींचिए और समझाइए। (Definitions + Labelled stress-strain curve with elastic limit, yield point, breaking point)

Q8. (4 Marks) Derive an expression for elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire. Show that energy per unit volume = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{stress} \times \text{strain}.

प्रश्न 8. खिंचे हुए तार में संचित प्रत्यास्थ स्थितिज ऊर्जा का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। सिद्ध करें कि प्रति इकाई आयतन ऊर्जा = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{F} \times \text{l} है। (F= प्रतिबल & l= प्रतिबल) (Work done in stretching + Energy density proof + SI unit of energy density)

Gravitation & Kepler’s Laws

Q9. (5 Marks) State Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion. Derive Kepler’s third law T^2 \propto r^3 using Newton’s law of gravitation for a circular orbit.

प्रश्न 9. केप्लर के ग्रहीय गति के तीन नियम लिखिए। वृत्तीय कक्षा के लिए न्यूटन के गुरुत्वाकर्षण नियम से केप्लर का तृतीय नियम T^2 \propto r^3 व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (All three laws stated clearly + Circular orbit derivation + Elliptical orbit diagram)

Q10. (4 Marks) Derive expressions for orbital velocity v_o = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}} and escape velocity v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}} of a satellite. Find and justify the ratio \frac{v_e}{v_o} = \sqrt{2}.

प्रश्न 10. उपग्रह के कक्षीय वेग v_o = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}} और पलायन वेग v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}} के व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। अनुपात \frac{v_e}{v_o} = \sqrt{2} की पुष्टि कीजिए। (Both derivations + Ratio justification + Satellite orbit diagram)

Rotational Motion & Moment of Inertia

Q11. (5 Marks) State and prove the theorem of parallel axes and theorem of perpendicular axes. Apply the parallel axis theorem to find the moment of inertia of a uniform rod of mass M and length L about one end.

प्रश्न 11. समांतर अक्ष प्रमेय और लंबवत अक्ष प्रमेय का कथन और प्रमाण दीजिए। समांतर अक्ष प्रमेय का उपयोग करके द्रव्यमान M और लंबाई L की एकसमान छड़ का एक सिरे के परितः जड़त्व आघूर्ण \frac{ML^2}{3} ज्ञात कीजिए। (I = I_{cm} + Md^2 proof + Perpendicular axis proof + Rod application)

Q12. (4 Marks) Derive the expression for kinetic energy of a rolling body KE = \frac{1}{2}Mv^2\left(1 + \frac{k^2}{R^2}\right). Compare the linear acceleration of a solid cylinder and hollow cylinder rolling down an inclined plane.

प्रश्न 12. लोटनी पिंड की गतिज ऊर्जा KE = \frac{1}{2}Mv^2\left(1 + \frac{k^2}{R^2}\right) का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। आनत तल पर ठोस और खोखले बेलन के त्वरण की तुलना कीजिए। (Rolling KE derivation + Acceleration formula + Comparison table + Incline diagram)

Q13. (4 Marks) Derive the relation \tau = I\alpha. State the law of conservation of angular momentum and explain it with two examples — a figure skater and a diver.

प्रश्न 13. संबंध \tau = I\alpha व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। कोणीय संवेग संरक्षण के नियम का कथन करते हुए दो उदाहरण — फिगर स्केटर और गोताखोर — से इसे समझाइए। (Newton’s second law for rotation + Derivation + Two real-life examples)

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

Q14. (5 Marks) Derive expressions for displacement x = A\sin(\omega t + \phi), velocity v = A\omega\cos(\omega t), and acceleration a = -A\omega^2\sin(\omega t) in SHM. Find the time period and draw phase diagrams for all three.

प्रश्न 14. SHM में विस्थापन, वेग और त्वरण के व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। आवर्तकाल ज्ञात कीजिए और तीनों राशियों के कला आरेख खींचिए। (All three expressions + Time period + Phase diagrams showing 90° and 180° phase differences)

Q15. (4 Marks) Derive the time period of a simple pendulum T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{l}{g}}. Explain why it is independent of mass and amplitude (for small oscillations \theta < 5°).

प्रश्न 15. सरल लोलक का आवर्तकाल T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{l}{g}} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। समझाइए कि यह द्रव्यमान और आयाम (\theta < 5°) से स्वतंत्र क्यों है। (Restoring force derivation + Small angle approximation + Pendulum diagram + SI unit)

Q16. (4 Marks) Derive the expression for total energy of a particle executing SHM E = \frac{1}{2}m\omega^2 A^2. Show it is constant. Draw the energy vs displacement graph showing KE, PE, and total energy.

प्रश्न 16. SHM करते कण की कुल ऊर्जा E = \frac{1}{2}m\omega^2 A^2 का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। सिद्ध करें कि यह स्थिर है। KE, PE और कुल ऊर्जा का विस्थापन के सापेक्ष ग्राफ खींचिए। (KE + PE derivations + Total energy = constant proof + Energy-displacement graph)

Waves & Doppler Effect

Q17. (5 Marks) Derive the equation of a progressive transverse wave y = A\sin(\omega t - kx). Define amplitude, wavelength, wave number, angular frequency, and phase. Explain phase difference between two points separated by distance d.

प्रश्न 17. अनुप्रस्थ प्रगामी तरंग का समीकरण y = A\sin(\omega t - kx) व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। आयाम, तरंगदैर्ध्य, तरंग संख्या, कोणीय आवृत्ति और कला परिभाषित कीजिए। (Wave equation + All parameters + Phase difference \Delta\phi = \frac{2\pi d}{\lambda} + Wave diagram)

Q18. (4 Marks) Explain the formation of stationary waves by superposition. Derive the condition for nodes and antinodes. Calculate the fundamental frequency of a closed organ pipe f = \frac{v}{4L} and open organ pipe f = \frac{v}{2L}.

प्रश्न 18. अध्यारोपण द्वारा अप्रगामी तरंगों का बनना समझाइए। निस्पंद और प्रस्पंद की शर्त व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। बंद f = \frac{v}{4L} और खुली पाइप f = \frac{v}{2L} की मूल आवृत्ति ज्ञात कीजिए। (Superposition + Node/antinode conditions + Both pipe diagrams)

Q19. (4 Marks) State and explain the Doppler effect in sound. Derive the general formula

    \[f' = f\frac{v \pm v_0}{v \mp v_s}\]

State the sign convention and write all four cases separately.

प्रश्न 19. ध्वनि में डॉप्लर प्रभाव का कथन और स्पष्टीकरण दीजिए। सामान्य सूत्र f' = f\frac{v \pm v_0}{v \mp v_s} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। चिह्न परिपाटी और चारों स्थितियाँ अलग-अलग लिखिए। (General formula + Sign convention + All four cases + Diagram)

Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory of Gases

Q20. (5 Marks) State the first law of thermodynamics \Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W. Apply it to derive work done in an isothermal process W = nRT\ln\frac{V_2}{V_1} and the equation PV^\gamma = \text{const} for an adiabatic process. Draw both on a P-V diagram.

प्रश्न 20. ऊष्मागतिकी के प्रथम नियम \Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W का कथन कीजिए। इसे समतापी प्रक्रम W = nRT\ln\frac{V_2}{V_1} और रुद्धोष्म प्रक्रम PV^\gamma = \text{const} के लिए लागू कीजिए। (First law + Both process derivations + P-V diagram with both curves)

Q21. (5 Marks) Describe a Carnot engine with a labelled P-V diagram showing all four steps (isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, adiabatic compression). Derive efficiency \eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1} and state the second law.

प्रश्न 21. चारों चरणों (समतापी प्रसार, रुद्धोष्म प्रसार, समतापी संपीडन, रुद्धोष्म संपीडन) सहित नामांकित P-V आरेख के साथ कार्नो इंजन का वर्णन कीजिए। दक्षता \eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (Carnot cycle diagram + All four steps + Efficiency derivation + Second law)

Q22. (4 Marks) Derive the ideal gas equation PV = nRT from kinetic theory using P = \frac{1}{3}\rho v_{rms}^2. Define degrees of freedom and state the law of equipartition of energy with examples for monoatomic, diatomic, and triatomic gases.

प्रश्न 22. P = \frac{1}{3}\rho v_{rms}^2 का उपयोग करके गतिज सिद्धांत से आदर्श गैस समीकरण PV = nRT व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। स्वतंत्रता की कोटि और ऊर्जा के समविभाजन नियम के उदाहरण दीजिए। (Kinetic pressure + RMS speed + Equipartition with examples)

Q23. (4 Marks) Explain the working of a refrigerator as a reversed heat engine with a block diagram. Define and derive the Coefficient of Performance

    \[\beta = \frac{T_2}{T_1 - T_2}\]

प्रश्न 23. खंड आरेख सहित उत्क्रमित ताप इंजन के रूप में रेफ्रिजरेटर की कार्यविधि समझाइए। निष्पादन गुणांक \beta = \frac{T_2}{T_1 - T_2} परिभाषित करते हुए व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (Refrigerator block diagram + COP derivation + Comparison with Carnot engine)

Q24. (4 Marks) State the zeroth law of thermodynamics and explain thermal equilibrium. Distinguish between heat and temperature using kinetic theory. Define thermometric property.

प्रश्न 24. ऊष्मागतिकी का शून्यवाँ नियम लिखिए और ताप-साम्य समझाइए। गतिज सिद्धांत से ऊष्मा और ताप में अंतर बताइए। तापमापी गुण परिभाषित कीजिए। (Zeroth law + Thermal equilibrium concept + Tabular difference + Thermometric property)

Q25. (4 Marks) Derive the expression for mean free path

    \[\lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^2 n}\]

Explain how temperature and pressure affect it. State one practical application.

प्रश्न 25. गैस अणुओं के माध्य मुक्त पथ \lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^2 n} का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। ताप और दाब का इस पर प्रभाव बताइए। एक व्यावहारिक अनुप्रयोग दीजिए। (Derivation + Effect of T: \lambda \propto T and P: \lambda \propto \frac{1}{P} + Vacuum application)

CLASS 12 PHYSICS (Questions 26–50)

Electrostatics

Q26. (5 Marks) State Gauss’s law \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \frac{q_{enc}}{\epsilon_0}. Use it to derive the electric field due to (i) an infinite plane sheet of charge and (ii) a uniformly charged spherical shell (inside, on surface, and outside).

प्रश्न 26. गाउस नियम \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \frac{q_{enc}}{\epsilon_0} का कथन करें। इसका उपयोग कर (i) अनंत आवेशित समतल चादर और (ii) एकसमान आवेशित गोलीय खोल (अंदर, सतह, बाहर) के कारण विद्युत क्षेत्र व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (Gauss law + Two Gaussian surface diagrams + Tabular comparison of results)

Q27. (5 Marks) Derive expressions for the electric field on the axial line E_{axial} = \frac{2kp}{r^3} and the equatorial line E_{equatorial} = \frac{kp}{r^3} of an electric dipole. Compare them using proper vector diagrams.

प्रश्न 27. विद्युत द्विध्रुव की अक्षीय रेखा E_{axial} = \frac{2kp}{r^3} और निरक्षीय रेखा E_{equatorial} = \frac{kp}{r^3} पर विद्युत क्षेत्र के व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। उचित सदिश आरेखों से तुलना कीजिए। (Both derivations + Ratio 2:1 + Direction comparison + Diagrams)

Q28. (4 Marks) Derive the expression for energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor U = \frac{1}{2}CV^2 = \frac{Q^2}{2C}. Explain the effect of inserting a dielectric slab when (i) battery is connected and (ii) battery is disconnected. Compare changes in C, Q, V, E, and U.

प्रश्न 28. समांतर पट्टिका संधारित्र में संचित ऊर्जा U = \frac{1}{2}CV^2 का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (i) सेल जुड़े और (ii) सेल अलग रहने पर परावैद्युत डालने का C, Q, V, E, U पर प्रभाव समझाइए। (Energy derivation + Two-case comparison table + Capacitor diagram)

Current Electricity

Q29. (5 Marks) Derive Kirchhoff’s junction law from conservation of charge and loop law from conservation of energy. Apply both to find the balance condition of a Wheatstone bridge \frac{P}{Q} = \frac{R}{S}.

प्रश्न 29. आवेश संरक्षण से किरचॉफ का संधि नियम और ऊर्जा संरक्षण से पाश नियम व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। दोनों का उपयोग कर व्हीटस्टोन सेतु की संतुलन शर्त \frac{P}{Q} = \frac{R}{S} ज्ञात कीजिए। (KCL + KVL + Bridge circuit diagram + Derivation of balance condition)

Q30. (4 Marks) Explain the principle and working of a potentiometer. Describe how it is used to compare EMFs of two cells. State its advantages over a voltmeter.

प्रश्न 30. विभवमापी का सिद्धांत और कार्य समझाइए। इसका उपयोग दो सेलों के EMF की तुलना के लिए कैसे किया जाता है? वोल्टमीटर पर इसके क्या लाभ हैं? (Principle: V \propto l + Circuit diagram + EMF comparison method + Advantages list)

Magnetism & Moving Charges

Q31. (5 Marks) State Biot-Savart Law d\vec{B} = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{Id\vec{l} \times \hat{r}}{r^2}. Use it to find the magnetic field (i) at the centre B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2r} and (ii) on the axis of a circular current loop.

प्रश्न 31. बायो-सावर्ट नियम d\vec{B} = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{Id\vec{l} \times \hat{r}}{r^2} का कथन कीजिए। इसका उपयोग करके धारावाही वृत्तीय पाश के (i) केंद्र पर B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2r} और (ii) अक्ष पर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र ज्ञात कीजिए। (Biot-Savart law + Centre derivation + Axis formula + Right-hand rule diagram)

Q32. (4 Marks) Derive the expression for torque \tau = BINA\sin\theta on a current-carrying rectangular coil in a uniform magnetic field. Define magnetic dipole moment and explain the principle of a moving coil galvanometer.

प्रश्न 32. एकसमान चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में धारावाही आयताकार कुंडली पर बल-आघूर्ण \tau = BINA\sin\theta का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। चुंबकीय द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण परिभाषित कर गैल्वेनोमीटर का सिद्धांत समझाइए। (Torque derivation + Coil diagram + Galvanometer working + Conversion to ammeter/voltmeter)

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI)

Q33. (5 Marks) State Faraday’s laws and Lenz’s law. Derive the self-inductance of a long solenoid L = \mu_0 n^2 Al. Explain the physical significance of self-inductance as the electromagnetic analogue of inertia.

प्रश्न 33. फैराडे के नियम और लेंज नियम का कथन कीजिए। लंबी परिनालिका का स्व-प्रेरकत्व L = \mu_0 n^2 Al व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। स्व-प्रेरकत्व का भौतिक महत्त्व समझाइए। (L = \mu_0 n^2 Al derivation + Solenoid diagram + Lenz’s law opposing flux example)

Q34. (4 Marks) Derive the expression for motional EMF e = Blv induced in a conductor of length l moving with velocity v in uniform magnetic field B. Discuss energy conversion: mechanical to electrical.

प्रश्न 34. एकसमान चुंबकीय क्षेत्र B में वेग v से गतिशील l लंबाई के चालक में प्रेरित गतिज EMF e = Blv का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। यांत्रिक से विद्युत ऊर्जा रूपांतरण पर चर्चा कीजिए। (e = Blv derivation + Rail-and-rod diagram + Work-energy theorem + Power dissipated)

Alternating Current (AC)

Q35. (5 Marks) Derive the expression for impedance of an LCR series circuit Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} using phasor diagram. Define resonance, derive resonant frequency \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}, and explain quality factor Q = \frac{\omega_0 L}{R}.

प्रश्न 35. फेज़र आरेख का उपयोग करके LCR श्रेणी परिपथ की प्रतिबाधा Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। अनुनाद परिभाषित कर \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}} और गुणता गुणांक Q = \frac{\omega_0 L}{R} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (Phasor diagram + Impedance triangle + Resonance condition + Quality factor)

Q36. (4 Marks) Explain the principle of a transformer based on mutual induction. Derive turns ratio \frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p} = \frac{I_p}{I_s}. Discuss four types of energy losses and methods to minimise them.

प्रश्न 36. अन्योन्य प्रेरण पर आधारित ट्रांसफॉर्मर का सिद्धांत समझाइए। \frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p} = \frac{I_p}{I_s} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। ऊर्जा हानियाँ और उनके न्यूनीकरण बताइए। (Mutual induction + Full derivation + Labelled diagram + Losses: copper, iron, eddy, hysteresis)

Electromagnetic Waves

Q37. (4 Marks) Explain how Maxwell modified Ampere’s law by introducing displacement current I_d = \epsilon_0 \frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}. Write all four Maxwell’s equations in integral form. Explain the physical significance of each.

प्रश्न 37. मैक्सवेल ने ऐम्पियर नियम को विस्थापन धारा I_d = \epsilon_0 \frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} से कैसे संशोधित किया, समझाइए। सभी चार मैक्सवेल समीकरण अभिन्न रूप में लिखिए और उनका भौतिक महत्त्व बताइए। (Displacement current concept + All four Maxwell equations + EM wave propagation diagram)

Ray Optics

Q38. (5 Marks) Derive the mirror formula \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} for a concave mirror using Cartesian sign convention. Apply it to find image position and nature when the object is (i) between F and C and (ii) beyond C.

प्रश्न 38. कार्तीय चिह्न परिपाटी का उपयोग करके अवतल दर्पण के लिए दर्पण सूत्र \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। दो स्थितियों (F व C के बीच और C से परे) के लिए किरण आरेख बनाइए। (Geometric proof + Sign convention table + Two ray diagrams + Image nature)

Q39. (5 Marks) Derive the lens maker’s formula

    \[\frac{1}{f} = (\mu - 1)\left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2}\right)\]

by applying the refraction formula at two spherical surfaces. Hence derive the thin lens formula \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f}.

प्रश्न 39. दो गोलीय सतहों पर अपवर्तन सूत्र लागू करके लेंस निर्माता सूत्र \frac{1}{f} = (\mu - 1)\left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2}\right) व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। पतले लेंस सूत्र \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} भी व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (Refraction at two surfaces + Combination + Lens diagrams)

Wave Optics

Q40. (5 Marks) Describe Young’s Double Slit Experiment (YDSE) with a labelled diagram. Derive the expression for fringe width \beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}. Explain what happens when (i) one slit is covered and (ii) white light is used instead of monochromatic light.

प्रश्न 40. नामांकित चित्र सहित यंग के द्विक-रेखाछिद्र प्रयोग (YDSE) का वर्णन कीजिए। फ्रिंज चौड़ाई \beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (i) एक रेखाछिद्र ढकने और (ii) श्वेत प्रकाश उपयोग करने पर क्या होगा? (Path difference + Fringe width derivation + Experimental diagram + Two special cases)

Q41. (4 Marks) Explain Huygens’ Principle and use it to prove the law of refraction (Snell’s law) \frac{\sin i}{\sin r} = \frac{v_1}{v_2} = \mu at a plane interface between two media.

प्रश्न 41. हाइगेन्स सिद्धांत समझाइए और दो माध्यमों के बीच समतल सतह पर अपवर्तन के नियम (स्नेल नियम) \frac{\sin i}{\sin r} = \mu को ज्यामितीय रूप से सिद्ध कीजिए। (Secondary wavelets construction + Geometric proof + Wavefront diagram)

Modern Physics

Q42. (5 Marks) Explain the photoelectric effect and its four experimental observations. State Einstein’s equation KE_{max} = h\nu - \phi where \phi = h\nu_0. Draw the graph of KE_{max} vs frequency and I_{sat} vs intensity. Explain how this confirms quantum nature of light.

प्रश्न 42. प्रकाश-विद्युत प्रभाव और इसके चार प्रायोगिक प्रेक्षण समझाइए। आइंस्टीन का समीकरण KE_{max} = h\nu - \phi लिखिए। KE_{max} बनाम आवृत्ति का ग्राफ खींचिए। (Experimental setup + Four observations + Equation + Both graphs + Quantum explanation)

Q43. (5 Marks) State the three postulates of Bohr’s atomic model. Derive the radius of the n-th orbit r_n \propto n^2 and total energy E_n = \frac{-13.6}{n^2} eV. Draw the energy level diagram for hydrogen showing spectral series.

प्रश्न 43. बोर के परमाणु मॉडल की तीन अभिधारणाएं लिखिए। nवीं कक्षा की त्रिज्या r_n \propto n^2 और ऊर्जा E_n = \frac{-13.6}{n^2} eV व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। हाइड्रोजन का स्पेक्ट्रम श्रेणी सहित ऊर्जा स्तर आरेख खींचिए। (Three postulates + Radius + Energy derivation + Energy level diagram with Lyman, Balmer, etc.)

Q44. (4 Marks) Explain de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves. Derive the de Broglie wavelength \lambda = \frac{h}{mv} = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2mKE}}. Explain how Davisson–Germer experiment confirms it with a labelled diagram.

प्रश्न 44. डी-ब्रॉग्ली की द्रव्य तरंग परिकल्पना समझाइए। तरंगदैर्ध्य \lambda = \frac{h}{mv} = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2mKE}} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। नामांकित चित्र सहित डेविसन-जर्मर प्रयोग से पुष्टि समझाइए। (Wave-particle duality + Both forms of \lambda + Davisson-Germer setup diagram)

Nuclei

Q45. (4 Marks) Explain nuclear fission and nuclear fusion with equations and examples. Derive nuclear binding energy BE = \Delta m \cdot c^2. Draw the binding energy per nucleon curve and explain why both fission and fusion release energy.

प्रश्न 45. समीकरण और उदाहरण सहित नाभिकीय विखंडन और नाभिकीय संलयन समझाइए। BE = \Delta m \cdot c^2 व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। BE/nucleon वक्र खींचिए और समझाइए कि दोनों में ऊर्जा क्यों मुक्त होती है। (Mass defect + BE/nucleon curve + Fission and fusion equations + Comparison)

Semiconductors & Electronic Devices

Q46. (5 Marks) Explain the formation of a p-n junction and depletion layer. Describe its working in (i) forward bias and (ii) reverse bias with circuit diagrams and I-V characteristic curves. Define barrier potential and breakdown voltage.

प्रश्न 46. p-n संधि और अवक्षय परत के बनने की प्रक्रिया समझाइए। (i) अग्र अभिनति और (ii) पश्च अभिनति में परिपथ आरेख और I-V वक्रों सहित कार्य का वर्णन कीजिए। (Depletion layer + Both bias conditions + I-V curve diagram + Breakdown voltage)

Q47. (4 Marks) Describe the common-emitter NPN transistor amplifier with circuit diagram. Define current gain \beta = \frac{I_C}{I_B} and derive

    \[\beta = \frac{\alpha}{1 - \alpha}\]

प्रश्न 47. परिपथ आरेख सहित उभयनिष्ठ-उत्सर्जक NPN ट्रांजिस्टर प्रवर्धक का वर्णन कीजिए। धारा लाभ \beta = \frac{I_C}{I_B} परिभाषित कीजिए और \beta = \frac{\alpha}{1 - \alpha} व्युत्पन्न कीजिए। (Amplifier circuit + Phase reversal + \beta and \alpha derivation + Input-output waveforms)

Q48. (4 Marks) Explain NAND and NOR gates as universal gates with truth tables. Show complete realisation of NOT, AND, and OR gates using only NAND gates with Boolean expressions and circuit diagrams.

प्रश्न 48. सत्य सारणी सहित NAND और NOR गेट को सार्वभौमिक गेट के रूप में समझाइए। केवल NAND गेट से NOT, AND और OR गेट की प्राप्ति बूलीय व्यंजक और परिपथ आरेख सहित दिखाइए। (Truth tables + NOT from NAND + AND from NAND + OR from NAND + All Boolean expressions)

Q49. (4 Marks) Explain half-wave and full-wave rectifiers with circuit diagrams and output waveforms. Define ripple factor \gamma and rectifier efficiency \eta. Compare both types in a table.

प्रश्न 49. परिपथ आरेख और निर्गत तरंगरूप सहित अर्ध-तरंग और पूर्ण-तरंग दिष्टकारी समझाइए। रिपल गुणांक \gamma और दक्षता \eta परिभाषित करते हुए दोनों की सारणी से तुलना कीजिए। (Both circuits + Input/output waveforms + Ripple factor values: 1.21 and 0.48 + Efficiency comparison)

Q50. (5 Marks) Explain the concept of energy bands in solids and their origin from atomic energy levels. Distinguish conductors, insulators, and semiconductors on the basis of band gap. Explain intrinsic, n-type, and p-type semiconductors with energy band diagrams.

प्रश्न 50. परमाणु ऊर्जा स्तरों से ऊर्जा पट्टियों की संकल्पना और उनके बनने की प्रक्रिया समझाइए। बैंड अंतराल के आधार पर चालक, विद्युतरोधी और अर्धचालक में अंतर बताइए। आंतरिक, n-प्रकार और p-प्रकार अर्धचालक के ऊर्जा बैंड आरेख बनाइए। (Band gap diagram for all three + Fermi level + Doping explanation + n-type and p-type diagrams)

Topper-Level Answer Writing Tips for Tier-II 2026

With the exam on 29 March 2026, mastering KVS NVS PGT Physics important long answer questions is not just about knowing the content — it is about how you present it. Here are topper-tested strategies:

  • Draw diagrams FIRST, then derive. Sketch the diagram at the beginning of your answer using pencil and HB lead. This earns diagram marks even if your derivation has a minor error.
  • Number every derivation step. Write Step 1, Step 2, Step 3 explicitly. This helps the examiner award partial marks and shows methodical thinking.
  • State SI units and dimensions explicitly. After every final formula, write: “SI unit of [quantity] is [unit], dimensional formula = […]”. After deriving T = 2\pi\sqrt{l/g}, add: “dimensional formula = [M^0L^0T^1].”
  • Include one quick numerical. Substitute one set of values immediately after the derivation. This validates your formula and takes less than 2 minutes. It is a high-impact, low-effort strategy.
  • Add a pedagogical application line. Since this is a teaching post examination, always close with: “This concept is introduced to Class 11/12 students to explain [real-life phenomenon].” This signals teaching awareness and can earn the final half-mark that decides ranks.
  • Use the right margin for key formulae. Write the final formula underlined in the right margin alongside each step. This creates a visual answer map that examiners appreciate during rapid checking.
  • Practise under timed conditions from today. Set a 16-minute timer for every 4-mark question. With 29 March 2026 as your deadline, build this motor memory now — not in the last week.

Conclusion & Call to Action

You now hold the most comprehensive KVS PGT Physics Tier-II 2026 descriptive questions resource available — 50 bilingual questions, exam-pattern aligned, covering every unit of Class 11 and Class 12. The exam is on 29 March 2026. The countdown has begun.

The official pattern is confirmed: 70 questions, 100 marks, 2.5 hours — and the 40 descriptive marks are entirely yours to own if you practise these answers consistently. These questions are drawn from KVS ZIET Tier 2 Physics answer writing practice papers, official previous year patterns, and the highest-frequency NCERT derivations across both classes.

Solve all 50. Write them by hand. Time yourself. That is the winning formula.

Remember: thousands of aspirants appear for KVS NVS PGT Physics — but only those who practise descriptive writing consistently reach the final merit list. The NVS PGT Physics important long answer questions in this set are your direct path to those 40 precious marks in Part-II.

Your next steps:

  • 📥 Download the PDF version of this Top 50 set from tothescience.com
  • 📝 Share your handwritten answers in the comments — our expert team will review them
  • 📚 Check our KVS NVS PGT Physics syllabus PDF and previous year papers linked below
  • 🔔 Subscribe to tothescience.com for weekly KVS NVS PGT Physics Class 11 derivations practice sets

29 March 2026 is your date with destiny. These 50 questions are your weapon. Go conquer Tier-II! 🎯

Published by tothescience.com – Your Ultimate KVS NVS PGT Physics Hub

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Amit Patel
Amit Patel

Hello! I am Amit Patel From Uttar Pradesh. I have done my Masters in Physics (2018) & B.Ed. (Education), Now I am working with Physics Scholar (By Anup Sir) as a Technical Team Member & content writer specially on Educational Carrier Counselling for Teaching Exams. I am a lover of Physics so i also explore to write articles on Science & Technology.

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